Calidad de la atención de servicios de internación psiquiátrica en hospitales generales de Argentina, 2018 / Quality of psychiatric hospitalization services in general hospitals in Argentina, 2018

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la calidad de atención en servicios de internación psiquiátrica de hospitales generales desde los enfoques de derechos y comunitario. Métodos: estudio multicéntrico, observacional descriptivo. Se seleccionaron cuatro servicios de internación psiquiátrica de hospitales generales ubicados en centros urbanos de distinta población en Argentina. En cada uno de ellos se analizaron los registros estadísticos, se realizaron observaciones no participantes y se entrevistó a gestores, trabajadores y usuarios. La guía de observación y entrevista se elaboró a partir de la revisión de instrumentos de la OMS y del proyecto Idea. Los resultados se analizaron a partir de las categorías de enfoque de derechos y orientación comunitaria de los servicios. Resultados: respecto del enfoque de derechos se observa que el que requiere mayor desarrollo es el de capacidad jurídica. En relación a la orientación comunitaria, se observa un mayor desarrollo de esta perspectiva a través de la implementación de diversas estrategias y el trabajo con las familias como la más común. Conclusiones: en términos de procesos y resultados de la atención se observan algunas diferencias entre los servicios que cuentan con sala especializada y los que no, y que estos últimos requieren de otros estudios para poder ser analizados.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate, based on the human rights and community care frameworks, the quality of hospitalization psychiatric services in general hospitals. Methods: Multisite, descriptive observational study. There were analyzed four psychiatric hospitalization services, located in general hospitals of urban districts with different sizes in Argentina. Data collection included analysis of statistical records, non-participant observations of services, and interviews with service managers, service staff and users. The observation and interview guides were based on two international tools: Idea project interview guide, and QRTK of the WHO. Results were analyzed using two main categories: human rights-based care approach and community orientation of care delivery. Results: Regarding human rights-based care, legal capacity is the right that requires more improvement in services. About community orientation of care, different strategies were observed, with the work with the families as the most common. Conclusions: One aspect that requires further research is the specific type of psychiatric hospitalization service in the general hospital, given the fact that some differences in process and results were observed between general and specialized wards.

Avaliação do processo de impregnação a vácuo em melão, utilizando diferentes substâncias / Evaluation of the process of vacuum impregnation in melon using different substances

Cortes cilíndricos de melões (Cucumis melo var. inodorus Naudin tipo amarelo) foram submetidos à impregnação com soluções de cloreto de cálcio (0,5 g.100 mL-1 de solução), adicionadas de amido gelatinizado (0, 5 e 10 g.100 mL-1 de solução) e glicose (0, 10 e 20 g.100 mL-1 de solução), com pressão de vácuo (84,4; 50,5 e 16,6 kPa) controlada. Foram feitas medidas do teor de sólidos solúveis totais, perda ou incorporação de componentes e textura de pedaços dos melões antes e após impregnação a vácuo. As variações desses parâmetros foram calculadas em relação aos do fruto original. Alterações na viscosidade das soluções devido aos processamentos também foram quantificadas. A existência de processos sinergísticos entre os fluxos de solutos do fruto e da solução pode ser constatada e analisada através de superfícies de resposta para as diferentes pressões, em função das concentrações de amido gelatinizado e de glicose nas soluções. A mobilidade molecular dos componentes do fruto e da solução em relação à viscosidade foi discutida.

Cylindrical cuts of melon (Cucumis melo var inodorus Naudin, yellow type) were submitted to impregnation with calcium chloride solutions (0.5 g.100 mL-1 of solution) added with gelatinized starch (0. 5 and 10 g.100 mL-1 of solution) and glucose (0. 10 and 20 g.100 mL-1 of solution) with controlled vacuum pressure (84.4; 50.5 and 16.6 kPa). Measurements of the total soluble solids, incorporation or loss components (turgidity) and texture of melon slices were made before and after vacuum impregnation. Quality parameter variations were calculated in relation to the original fruit. Alterations in the viscosity of the solutions during the processing had been also quantified. The existence of synergistic processes between the solute flows from the fruit and from the solution was evident and could be analyzed using response surfaces for the different pressures as a function of the glucose and gelatinized starch concentrations in the solutions. The molecular mobility of components of the fruit and the solution related to viscosity was discussed.

Mortality due to Hymenoptera stings in Costa Rica, 1985-2006 / Mortalidad por picaduras de himenópteros en Costa Rica, 1985-2006

OBJECTIVE: To analyze mortality due to Hymenoptera stings in Costa Rica during 1985-2006. METHODS: Records of deaths due to Hymenoptera stings in 1985-2006 were retrieved from Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos (National Statistics and Census Institute). Mortality rates were calculated on the basis of national population reports, as of 1 July of each year. Information for each case included age, gender, and the province in which the death occurred. In addition, reports of Hymenoptera sting accidents received by the Centro Nacional de Intoxicaciones (National Poison Center, CNI) in 1995-2006 were obtained to assess exposure to these insects. RESULTS: Over the 22-year period analyzed, 52 fatalities due to Hymenoptera stings were recorded. Annual mortality rates varied from 0-1.73 per 1 million inhabitants, with a mean of 0.74 (95 percent confidence interval: 0.46-0.93). The majority of deaths occurred in males (88.5 percent), representing a male to female ratio of 7.7:1. A predominance of fatalities was observed in the elderly (50 years of age and older), as well as in children less than 10 years of age. The province with the highest mortality rate was Guanacaste. The CNI documented 1 591 reports of Hymenoptera stings (mostly by bees) in 1995-2006, resulting in an annual average of 133 cases, with only a slight predominance of males over females (1.4:1). CONCLUSIONS: Stings by Hymenoptera, mostly by bees, constitute a frequent occurrence in Costa Rica that can be life-threatening in a small proportion of cases, most often in males and the elderly. The annual number of fatalities fluctuated from 0-6, averaging 2.4 deaths per year. Awareness should be raised not only among the general population, but also among health care personnel that should consider this risk in the clinical management of patients stung by Hymenoptera.

OBJETIVO: Analizar la mortalidad por picaduras de himenópteros en Costa Rica en el período de 1985 a 2006. MÉTODOS: Se obtuvieron los registros de picaduras de himenópteros entre 1985 y 2006 del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos. Las tasas de mortalidad se calcularon a partir de los datos de la población nacional para el 1 de julio de cada año. La información de cada caso abarcaba la edad, el sexo y la provincia en la que ocurrió la muerte. Además, para evaluar la exposición a estos insectos se contó con las notificaciones de accidentes por picaduras de himenópteros del Centro Nacional de Intoxicaciones (CNI) de 1995 a 2006. RESULTADOS: En el período de 22 años analizado se registraron 52 muertes por picaduras de himenópteros. La tasa anual de mortalidad varió entre 0 y 1,73 por millón de habitantes, con una media de 0,74 (intervalo de confianza de 95 por ciento: 0,46 a 0,93). La mayoría de las muertes correspondieron a hombres (88,5 por ciento), con una razón hombre:mujer de 7,7:1. Predominaron los casos letales en adultos mayores (50 años o más) y niños menores de 10 años. La provincia con la mayor mortalidad fue Guanacaste. El CNI documentó 1 591 casos de picaduras de himenópteros (principalmente abejas) entre 1995 y 2006, para un promedio anual de 133 casos, con un ligero predominio de hombres sobre mujeres (1,4:1). CONCLUSIONES: Las picaduras de himenópteros, principalmente de abejas, son sucesos frecuentes en Costa Rica que pueden amenazar la vida en una reducida proporción de casos, principalmente hombres y adultos mayores. El número anual de muertes varió entre 0 y 6, con un promedio de 2,4 muertes anuales. Se debe fomentar la conciencia no solo en la población general sino también en el personal especializado de salud, quienes deben tomar en cuenta este riesgo al atender a los pacientes con picaduras de himenópteros.

A influência da torcida na performance de jogadores brasileiros de Futsal: um viés da Psicologia do Esporte / The influence of the fans in the performance of the Brazilians futsal players: a bias of Sport Psychology

A torcida pode exercer uma influência importante no desempenho do atleta, em alguns momentos ela pode agir como um fator motivador e em outros como estressor, dependendo de fatores relacionados ao indivíduo e à situação. O artigo teve o objetivo de investigar como os atletas percebiam a presença da torcida no Futsal, as consequências para a performance e o papel da auto-eficácia nesse processo. Utilizamos a metodologia qualitativa, tendo como técnica, o questionário com perguntas abertas. Doze atletas de futsal do sexo masculino de idade de 18 a 26 anos responderam ao questionário. Posteriormente, foi realizada a análise dos dados por categorização. Tanto atorcida a favor quanto a contra, atuam de forma positiva no rendimento da maioria dos atletas. A torcida contra aumentou em muitos a vontade de vencer, também aumentou a pressão. As reações qualitativas a favor da torcida (apoio e incentivo) mostraram que podem trazer muitos benefícios aos jogadores, principalmente por aumentar a motivação dos jogadores. A auto-eficácia moldou a avaliação que os atletas faziam da presença da torcida em suas performances, permitindo aos atletas com maior auto-eficácia, atuar de forma mais segura e eficiente, independendo da forma de manifestação da torcida.

The fans can exercise an important influence on athlete’s performance. Sometimes it can act as a motivator factor and in others as stressing one, according to factors related to the individual and the situation. The article had as objective to research how the athletes noticed the presence of the fans in futsal, the consequences of the performance and the role of self-efficacy in this process. We used the qualitative methodology having as technique, a questionnaire with open questions. Twelve male athletes of futsal, between 18 to 26 years old answered the questions. Later, the data analysis by categorization was performed. Not only the for fans but also the against ones act positively in the efficiency of most athletes. The fans that are against increased a lot the will of winning and the pressure in manyathletes. The qualitative reactions that are for the fans (support/lean and incentive) showed that it can bring many benefits to the players, especially to increase their motivation. The self-efficacy molded the point of view of the athletes about the presence of the fans in their performances, allowing the athletes with more self-efficacy, to act in a safer and more efficient way, independently of the fans manifestation way.

Percepción del riesgo y estrategias de comunicación social sobre el dengue en las Américas / Risk perception and strategies for mass communication on dengue in the Americas

Dengue is clearly a very serious public health problem. In the Americas the number of dengue cases has been increasing since the 1960s, and outbreaks of the disease have been occurring more frequently. Furthermore, the density of infestation with the disease vector, the Aedes aegypti mosquito, is high in the Americas. The general strategy for preventing and controlling dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever is based on promoting behavior changes that lead to incorporating the community in controlling the disease, particularly the vector. In order to achieve this, mass communication programs on dengue should have two primary aims: converting information into practice and encouraging the community to take over prevention and control measures. The new generation of programs should be designed based on the local sanitation structure (water distribution and waste disposal) as well as information on community organizations and the roles of different family members. Furthermore, the new programs should incorporate all the following ten components: epidemiological surveillance, intersectoral actions, community participation, managing the environment and basic services, patient care, case reporting, education, using insecticides and vector control, training, and preparing for emergencies. Communication should be aimed at modifying the behavior of individuals and the community by empowering them to carry out prevention and control measures.